Ngesikhathi se-Renaissance, ukukhiqizwa kwamakha kwakhula ngokushesha eYurophu ngenxa yokutholakala kabusha kwefomula lakudala lamakha. Isikhungo se-Renaissance sokuqala, njengeVenice neFlorence, naso siyisikhungo sokwenza amakha. Umndeni wakwaMedici ungumholi wemboni yamakha. UCatherine, ilungu lomndeni wakhe, uyisithunywa esibalulekile sokusabalalisa amakha. Washada nenkosi uHenry II waseFrance, ohambisana negama elithi reendo futhi ongumkhiqizi odumile wamakha eFlorence. Lapho efika eFrance, wayenesitolo samakha futhi wazuza impumelelo enkulu. Uthe wayenekhono lokuxuba ubuthi futhi acishe afane nokwenza amakha. Imicimbi eminingi eyayiqondiswe nguCatherine enkantolo yaseFrance yayihlobene nomuthi ayewulahlile. Kusukela kulokhu kuqhubeke, ukufafaza amakha kwaqala ukuba yimfashini. "Lesi yisikhathi sokutholwa kwabantu, ukuzazi kwabantu sekuya ngokusobala, abantu baqala ukulandela imfashini." abantu be-Renaissance babengagezi njalo, kepha kuphela ngokufafaza amakha ukumboza ukunambitheka kwabo, imboni yamakha yachuma. Amafutha asetshenziswa kabanzi, kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngisho nasezinweleni nasezilwanyaneni ezifuywayo. Ngo-1508, iDominican Convent yaseFlorence yasungula imboni yamakha endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. UPapa nomndeni wakhe bangamakhasimende athembekile. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, wonke umbusi omusha enikeza ifomula lamakha efektri. Khonamanjalo, idolobha eliseningizimu yeFrance lakhula kancane kancane laba yindawo yokukhiqiza amakha eGlass. Ingilazi yakhiqiza amakha ekuqaleni ngoba idolobha libuye libe yisikhungo sokushuka. Ekushukeni kusetshenziswa umchamo, abantu bafafaze amakha esikhunjeni ukumboza iphunga. Encwadini “ukuzalwa nokukhohliswa kwamakha nephunga elijwayelekile,” uSusan Owen uthe abakhiqizi bamagilavu ​​esikhumba bendawo bangenisa, bakhiqize futhi bathengise amakha. Ngekhulu Leshumi nesishiyagalombili, imboni yesikhumba yaqhubeka nokuthengisa amakha ngemuva kokuwa kwemboni yesikhumba. Ifanele igama elaziwa umhlaba wonke, iFrance manje isiyizwe elikhulu lamakha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yamakha emhlabeni, njenge-langwan, i-Chanel, i-Givenchy, i-Lancome, i-Lolita Lempicka, i-Guerlain, njll. Imboni yamakha nezimonyo zaseFrance, imfashini yaseFrance newayini laseFrance zibalwe njengemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu emithathu yaseFrance, futhi odume umhlaba wonke.

Umklamo wokupakisha uyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhiqizo. Kuyizwi lomlingo, lamazwe omhlaba nelingumgogodla. Futhi kuyinto edingekayo enkampanini kanye ne-password yokuphumelela kwebhizinisi. Umklamo wokupakisha uxhuma ubuciko nezimboni, imakethe nokukhiqiza, ubuhlakani nokusebenza. Umqondo omuhle wenza ukupakisha okuhle, ukupakisha okuhle kuyindlela yokukhuthaza umkhiqizo. Ukubona umkhiqizo utholwa ngokufakwa emaphaketheni, abathengi kufanele bathole imininingwane eyanele futhi bakwazi ukunquma nokuqonda ezinye zezimpawu, ukuze babone umkhiqizo bese beqonda ukubaluleka kwawo, futhi baholele ekuziphatheni kokugcina kokuthenga. Ngokusobala, imikhiqizo yamakha iya ngokuya yanda futhi abantu kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukukhetha. Kepha abantu bavame ukuthonywa ukukhuliswa kwabo, impilo yezenhlalo nemvelaphi yabo yamasiko ukukhetha imikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, onke amakha nokupakisha kwawo kufanele kubhekiswe ukuhambisana namaqembu abathengi athile. IFrance inenani elikhulu kangaka lemikhiqizo yamakha esezingeni lomhlaba, iba yizwe elikhulu lamakha, futhi imiqondo yalo yokupakisha amakha ayihlukaniseki.

Ukusetshenziswa ngesibindi kwezinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha namafomu amasha
Kusukela emlandweni wokwakhiwa kweziqukathi zamakha, abantu bebelokhu behlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene zokwenza iziqukathi zamakha. Ekuqaleni, abaseGibhithe basebenzise iziqukathi zamatshe ukwenza iziqukathi ezinokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene, njengamabhodlela esisu ayindilinga, amabhodlela ezinyawo asindayo njalonjalo. Zonke zazivulekile futhi zavalwa ngamakhokho ayisicaba noma ngamabhulokhi endwangu. Kusetshenziswa nezinto ezahlukahlukene zamatshe ukwenza lezi ziqukathi, zazo i-alabaster enesilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke. Izingcweti zamaGreki zenza uchungechunge lweziqukathi zobumba ezazigcwele amakha neziqukathi eziklanywe ngokuya ngokuqukethwe yizo. Isibonelo, iziqukathi zikawoyela wesesame namakha zihlukile. Futhi amaGreki angenza iziqukathi ze-bionic zamakha. Cishe ngekhulu lesithupha AD, amabhodlela amancane abunjiwe asungulwa. Ekuqaleni, babevame ukulingisa isithombe sekhanda lomuntu. Ingilazi bekulokhu kuyinto ebizayo. Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka, abenzi bezandla baseVenice bafunda ukwenza ingilazi nengilazi, ukuze zenziwe zibe yizimo eziningi, ezifana nengilazi emhlophe yobisi, ingilazi yegolide nesiliva, nokunye. Iziqukathi zamakha zaba zinhle ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuthuthuka kobulukhuni bengilazi, ingilazi inganqunywa, iqoshwe, ifakwe imibala, ngakho-ke isiqukathi sengilazi singaphezu kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zendabuko.

Ukuphishekela inkanuko yobusha, ubungqayizivele kanye nemfashini
Ngokwazi kwethu, ama-40% wabakhiqizi baseFrance basebenza embonini yokupakisha, okuyisilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu. Umkhakha wamaphakethe wamakha ukhula njalo futhi uyanda. Yonke imikhiqizo kufanele ithuthukise imikhiqizo emisha noma iguqule ukupakisha okudala ukuze kujwayele inkambiso entsha njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Abaqambi bamakha kudingeka bazibuze njalo: yini entsha? Ngabe umqondo wentuthuko “entsha” ecashile noma uqhekeko oluguqulwayo? Kuguqulwa kancane kancane ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo wamanje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe, noma ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha yokunqoba imakethe yangakusasa. Izinguquko ekupakisheni zingaba ushintsho oluncane emininingwaneni, noma zingaba ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha ngokuphelele, ngokubukeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinguquko nokusekelwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe.

AmaFrance anamathela kakhulu emibonweni emisha. Ngothando lwabo lokudala kanye nomcabango wabo, bavame ukuklama imikhiqizo egcwele ingokomoya. Banamathisela ukubaluleka okulinganayo ekudalweni nasekucabangeni, baphishekele inoveli nezitayela ezihlukile, futhi bakhe imibono namathrendi amasha. Bashushumbisa izimpahla baba iqoqo elihle lezinto ezinhle, futhi babekwazi ukugqashula eSivumelwaneni futhi bazijwayeze, futhi bakhe izimpawu ezintsha zedizayini. Amashumi ezinkulungwane ezinguquko kumakha aseFrance abe ngoshintsha kakhulu futhi abe nesibindi, futhi imibala egqamile futhi ehlukahlukene yebhodlela nokuklanywa okuhle kwezingxenye zasendaweni kwanele ukwenza abantu bababaze.

3. Muhle ekutholeni ukondliwa komlando namasiko kwezobuciko

Isibonelo, imibono eminingi yokwakhiwa kwamakha aseFrance ivela emisebenzini efana neRenoir, Wei Al, Fang Tan - La Tour, Odilon Redon nabanye abaculi. Kukhona ubudlelwane obujulile phakathi kobuciko nokuklanywa kwempahla. Ukubaluleka kobuciko bokuklama nokuklama kwezobuciko kulele “ekuhlakuleleni okwangempela nogqozi”. Ngokombono wemikhiqizo ethile, ukwakheka kwamaphakeji amaningi okuphumelele kuthonywe ubuciko, nabo, bona uqobo banomthelela othile ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko.

4. Konke ukucatshangelwa kombono womthengi wobuntu

Ngokombono wokubona okubonakalayo, eyokuqala ifomu langaphandle. Abaqambi bangakhetha ifomu lendabuko lokulinganisa noma ifomu le-asymmetric, noma bamangaze abathengi ngefomu lakhe elinesibindi nelikhululekile. Bese kuthi kube nemibala, efanekisela ngokomfanekiso umoya othule noma onamandla futhi ukhombise ubunjalo bomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wokuphrinta, ubukhulu nohlobo lwezinhlamvu, ukuphuma noma i-concave, kanye nokuma kwesihloko nakho kudlala indima enkulu. Okwesibili, ubukhulu bomkhiqizo nesimo sawo eshalofini nakho kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo elayini evundlile evundlile ingadonsa ukunaka kwabantu kakhulu futhi ibe nethuba elikhulu lokukhethwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengokukhombisa, ukuminyana nokuthi ngabe indawo ibushelelezi noma inolaka, nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile okumele abaklami bazicabangele.

Ngokombono wokubona kokuhogela, iphunga nephunga yizinto ezibalulekile zokuheha abathengi ukuthi bathenge imikhiqizo. Lesi sici semikhiqizo yamakha sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukupakisha kufanele kukwazi ukuveza izici zephunga, hhayi ukulifihla, ukukubonisa ezingqondweni zabantu futhi kungagezwa iphunga lemvelo neminye imikhiqizo esondelene nayo. Ukupakisha kufanele kukwazi ukudlulisa iphunga elehlukile lomkhiqizo, noma ngabe liqondile noma ngokungaqondile.

Ngokombono wokubuka okuzwayo, lapho ibhodlela lamakha livulwa, umsindo awunakugwenywa, futhi kunjalo nalapho kufuthwa amakha.